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Mortars: adhesive, leveling, repair, and rendering

A mortar is a mixture of binder, aggregate, and additives formulated for a specific function. Using the wrong one is the usual cause of tiles coming loose and repairs cracking after a few months. Here you will find adhesive mortars, self-leveling mortars, repair mortars, single-coat renders, and gripping mortars.

Which mortar for each job
Never use masonry mortar to lay ceramic tiles. Porcelain stoneware barely absorbs water and requires a specific cementitious adhesive. With normal mortar, the piece seems to grip, but it ends up sounding hollow and popping off.
Type Purpose Typical thickness
Adhesive mortar Laying ceramic, porcelain, stone 3–10 mm depending on piece
Self-leveling Leveling screed before flooring 3–10 mm
Repair Damaged concrete, edges, exposed rebar Up to 30–50 mm per coat
Single-coat render Rendering facade in a single application 10–15 mm
Understanding the bag's acronyms (C2 TE S1 and others)

Cementitious adhesives are classified according to standard UNE-EN 12004. Those letters on the bag are not marketing; they define performance measured in tests.

  • C1 / C2: normal or improved adhesion. For porcelain and outdoors, C2.
  • T: reduced slip. The piece does not fall when tiling from top to bottom.
  • E: extended open time. Useful in summer or large surfaces.
  • S1 / S2: deformability. Mandatory for underfloor heating, wood, or moving substrates.
  • Practical rule: large format porcelain stoneware for outdoor use requires at least C2 TE S1.
Mixing and application
  • 1 → Respect the mixing water specified on the bag. Adding too much water drastically reduces final strength.
  • 2 → Mix, let stand for a few minutes, and mix again. This resting period activates the additives.
  • 3 → Never re-mix by adding water when it starts to harden. That material is no longer usable.
  • 4 → For ceramics, check the open time: if the adhesive has formed a skin, it won't bond. Remove and replace.
  • 5 → For outdoor and large format, apply back-buttering (trowel on substrate and on piece) to fill 100% of the back.
Related: microcement, facade coatings, primers and sealers, trowels and spatulas and mixers. Questions? WhatsApp +34 621 20 71 54.

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